節能時代

進入節電時代，是告別奢侈照明的世界。比如說，在英國，城市裏徹夜燈光照明現象少見，政府部門都沒有華麗的“照明工程”。夜晚的倫敦街頭，也看不到大面積流光溢彩和樓體通明的景觀。為了節電，就連首相府所在的唐寧街也換上了節能燈
很多地方的景觀燈都是不必要的，它既浪費電力，加重用電負荷，也產生光污染，更嚴重的是，它加大了環境污染與能源消耗。因為很多景觀燈的功率都很大，往往一盞燈就是１千瓦左右，消耗的電能很大

永續校園特色學校計畫

國際原油不斷創新高，外傳選後電費可能大漲，讓電費早已入不敷出的學校「皮皮挫」，校園紛紛祭出各種省電方案，
屋頂種草皮降溫、
回收雨水再利用，
除了太陽能發電，
甚至有學校提出風力發電的實驗計畫。

台北市政府要求各所屬機關用電量要比前一年減少1％，今年目標再往上探，挑戰減少2％。為了節省用電，學校省電的方案五花八門。

吳興國小由錫基金會在屋頂開闢本土薄層植栽，實驗一年多來，可以有效為建築物降溫1到2度，在夏天減少開冷氣的時間。校長瞿德淵表示，

• 午休時間全校關燈半小時，
• 電腦、影印機裝定時開關，
• 廁所採感應式燈具，

師生共體時艱「拉緊褲袋」達成目標。

龍山國小則嚴格管控開冷氣的溫度，
室內溫度達30度才可開冷氣，
更新燈具一律採用T5省電型。
校長林興兆表示，學校電費補助標準是以一般教室數為基準，少子化學生人數減少，但近幾年閒置教室都陸續規畫成特色專科教室，電還是要用。

三民國小幾年前在做屋頂防漏工程時，順便施作雨水回收系統，雨水撲滿平時收集的水，做為灌澆大約就足夠。
校園內生態池使用的過濾系統，則裝置太陽能板發電，也節省一筆電費。

立農國小校長陳成文表示，在高電費的時代，舊電器耗能大，經費可能都花到電費上，學校這幾年更新汰換年限到期的舊電器，就永續觀點更省錢。

省電成果最亮麗的新湖國小今年申請到永續校園特色學校計畫經費，準備建置太陽能發電系統，將光能轉換成熱能，可獨立切換太陽能發電系統，供應校園的投射燈、步道燈。

此外，因鄰近松山機場附近建物空曠，校園部分高位置的燈桿風力強勁，今年計畫裝置風力發電系統。校長廖文彬認為，校園風力發電和太陽能，教育意義更大於實質省電的效果，讓師生體會能源的珍貴。

要想節能，就必須先從空調與照明設備兩類設備先著手

台灣地處亞熱帶溫暖潮濕的氣候，平均溼度高達75%RH、5～10月之間平均溫度已超過30℃。因此，對於民眾的生活品質來說，冷氣空調與除濕機幾乎已是家家必備的家電，造成耗電量逐步的攀升。所以，利用「環境感測智慧整合平台」，能引入外氣與自然光源達到室內舒適環境節能控制，除了可以減少民眾的荷包縮水，也可以避免製造能源時所產生的二氧化碳，充份發揮雙倍效益。

以一般民生的建物總耗電量來說，空調系統用電量約佔建物總用電量40% ~ 48%，照明及插座用電量約佔40%~43.7%， 兩者相加已經超過八成的耗電。由此可知，要想節能，就必須先從空調與照明設備兩類設備先著手。根據研究結果顯示，不穿西裝、不打領帶，空調舒適溫度平均可 提高1.6 度。冷氣調高 1 度，就可節省空調用電 6% ，相當於每年節約用電達 10 億度，所減少的二氧化碳排放量約 69萬公噸，相當於需造林4座陽明山國家公園來吸附(資料來源：經濟部能源局)，有助於降低二氧化碳的產生，改善城市熱島效應對環境的影響。此外，在窗戶上加裝窗簾可以減少35%的輻射熱、使用遮陽棚可以減少75%的輻射熱，利用導光板將自然光導入也能降低照明用電量，又可以兼顧室內的舒適度，在撙節資源上，都是一舉多得的好方法。因此，以環保與節能的需求為出發點，資策會的「環境感測智慧整合平台」，透過環境感知與建築設備的整合，能在提供室內舒適環境的前提下，同時降低建築物的耗能量。這項技術可以主動偵測室內外的環境，並配合室內的使用情境，主動調配各種遮陽、採光、通風和空調設備，以達到舒適和節能的目的。本技術不需要更動主要結構，可於建築物整修時導入，具有高度的實用性。

為 了找出最舒適的環境指標，資策會團隊已研發出PMV- EER（Predicted Mean Vote-Energy Efficiency Ratio）指標。空調系統中的EER值表示移除的熱量相對於所需的耗電量比值，可以顯示出空調系統的冷房效率；而PMV指標則是國際標準中，
基於

影響人 體舒適度的六個外在環境因素：

• 空氣溫度、
• 平均輻射溫度、
• 空氣溼度、
• 空氣流動速度、
• 人體活動程度，
• 以及衣物熱阻。

將EER與PMV兩項指標整合起來，就是 PMV-EER，換言之，設備再也不是毫無目的的運作，而是會自動配合人體的舒適度來調整運作，如此一來既節能又舒適。

所以，建築物外層使用遮陽、採光、通風等設備，再透過環境感知技術與室內的照明、空調設備，配合PMV-EER技術以改善環境的熱舒適度，使得能源的耗用量可以有效降低，讓環保、節能也可以從建築物做起！！

Taiwan has a warm, humid, sub-tropical climate. The average related humidity ratio is more than 75%, and the average temperature exceeds 30°C during the period from May to October. Not surprisingly, the vast majority of homes in Taiwan now have air conditioners and dehumidifiers, resulting in a steady increase in electricity consumption. The use of a Smart Environmental Sensor Integration Platform makes it possible to maintain a comfortable living environment within the home while also saving energy, through the use of natural light and air currents. The adoption of this type of system would create a win-win situation, helping citizens to save money while also contributing to the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from power plants. In a typical home, air conditioning systems account for 40% to 48% of total electricity consumption, with lighting and power sockets accounting for another 40% to 43.7%. These two items combined thus account for over 80% of all residential electricity consumption. Air conditioning and lighting systems must therefore be the priority targets of any serious effort to control energy consumption. Studies have shown that not wearing suits and ties makes it possible to raise the air conditioning temperature by 1.6 degrees without any increase in discomfort. Every degree by which the air conditioning temperature is raised creates a 6% saving in air conditioner electricity consumption. If such an increase could be achieved nationwide, it would permit electricity usage savings of around 1 billion kWH per year, and would result in a 690,000-ton reduction in carbon dioxide emissions, an amount of emissions that would require a forest four times as large as Yangmingshan National Park to absorb (Bureau of Energy, Ministry of Economic Affairs). Controlling air conditioning usage in this way would thus have a major impact on carbon dioxide emissions, thereby helping to combat the urban heat island effect. Another strategy is to install curtains behind windows, which can reduce the amount of radiant heat energy entering the house by 35%; sunshades can reduce radiant heat energy by 75%. Using light guide plates can help to maximize the amount of natural light received by a house, thereby reducing the amount of electricity needed for lighting. All of these strategies can make the home living environment more comfortable, while also savingenergy. The Institute for Information Industry's Smart Environmental Sensor Integration Platform takes environmental protection and energy conservation requirements as its starting point. By integrating environmental sensors with the building design, it is possible to simultaneously provide a comfortable indoor living environment and also reduce the building's energy consumption. This technology automatically detects changes in the internal and external environment of rooms where sensors are located, and then automatically makes any necessary adjustments to shade, light capture, ventilation and air conditioning to meet the goals of both comfort and energy conservation. The adoption of this technology does not require any major alterations to building structure; it can be installed during the course of ordinary renovation work, making it a highly practical solution. In its search for the optimal environmental indicators, the Institute for Information Industry research team developed the PMV-EER (Predicted Mean Vote – Energy Efficiency Ratio) indicator. The EER of an air conditioning system is the ratio of the heat energy removed by the system to the electricity consumption that is needed to achieve this; it thus constitutes a measure of the air conditioning efficiency. PMV is an indicator of human comfort used in international standards that is based on six environmental factors: air temperature, average radiant heat, air humidity, air flow, human physical activity, and heat insulation effect of human clothing. The integration of PMV and EER provides a basis for ensuring that air conditioning and other equipment can be adjusted to provide a comfortable environment while also saving energy. By using sunshades , light guide plates and ventilation systems on the exterior of the building, employing environmental sensor technology inside the building to control lighting and air conditioning equipment, and leveraging PMV-EER technology to ensure a comfortable living environment for the building's occupants, a significant reduction can be achieved in energy consumption. Buildings have a major part to play in environmental protection and energy conservation!
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